This work calls us to action by mandating that we move beyond looking for student outcomes that rely heavily on the regurgitation of memorized facts to applying the information learned to new situations.". How have you recognized/integrated Deep Culture in your teaching. It doesnt matter if we are in New Zealand or New York City, the needs of diverse students have to be repositioned to be at the center rather than at the margins of the education system. Then, after the activity, we're back to compliance-focused pedagogymeaning teachers do most of the talking and thinking, while students aren't creating anything or actively processing what they are hearing or reading. In my project, were creating professional development specifically for community college educators. Thanks so much for sharing Ill make sure Jenn see this!!! I felt physical agitation during this podcast, longing for the inclusion of the neurodiverse student in this discussion, (especially given the importance of neuroscience in learning). But my co-presenter Robert Kaplinsky took on the presentation for us:5 Struggles Your Foster Students Wished You Knew. Culturally responsive instruction has shown promise, but many teachers have struggled with its implementationuntil now. The following activities can provide meaningful engagement about culture and diversity. We first need to reflect on what is happening in your classroom. Unfortunately, weve seen evidence that some of these dated approaches are still happening in schools which is one of the reasons for putting this information out there. As teachers of culturally diverse students, we need to educate ourselves about the realities of structural racialization in society and recognizing how colorblindness is just another a form of implicit bias. So, I don't see instructional equity merely in terms of system metrics like getting more kids into AP classes or advanced algebra. She holds a Masters in Secondary English Education. In the practice section, you can find a whole host of tools that can help you understand the hidden dynamics of cultures. While this strategy is often included in culturally responsive toolboxes, if a teacher doesnt take the time to learn how to use call-and-response to deepen student thinking, it might never serve a purpose beyond fun. LF: You talk about the learned helplessness affecting some students of color that educators can teach and reinforce. In this book, Zaretta Hammond draws on cutting edge neuroscience research to offer an innovative approach for designing and implementing brain compatible culturally responsive instruction. But there are patterns that we could look for in some cultures, universal patterns across cultures that can help. I got lost in the phrases and terminology. We scaffold out the curiosity and complexity, which is actually what ignites their brain. What cultural traditions are still practiced by the family? Ttaiako illustrates the competencies that teachers of Mori learners need and again iterates the importance of teachers relationships with their whnau and iwi. Think sleep away summer camp some kids go to the same camp every summer and are able to pick up relationships, connections where they left off the previous summer because theres a ritual that triggers their positive memories. Its really a challenge to try to say, This is it in a nutshell,' she says. In addition to consulting and professional development, she has been on staff at national education reform organizations, including the National Equity Project and the former Bay Area School Reform Collaborative (BASRC). For students of color who have gotten negative messages about their capacity and who have internalized these messages, this can be crippling. Culturally responsive teaching comes after a teacher understands how inequity by design works and uses the powerful pedagogy of CRT to help student process information better. One recommendation is to bring in the tech tools that some kids were using in remote learning. (LogOut/ I wonder if I might link this post to the resources on socialleadia.org? Thank you for sharing your thoughts. I think this section might be what youre interested in. So we recorded my part as well as added in Jessica Jones perspective. We cant assume every student of Asian descent is going to be great in math. We have touched a little bit on CRT in some of my classes, but this has been the most informative so far! This kind of teaching is good for all brains, Hammond says. Hammond divides culture into three levels: Surface culture is observable and concrete elements of culture such as food, dress, music, and holidays. Again, while this kind of teaching is necessary and important, its not the same as culturally responsive teaching, which focuses on learning capacity. Social violation of norms can cause mistrust, distress or social friction. Hey Cina, I think you are on the right track! LaShawn Rout Chatmon, Executive Director, "All students can and will learn at high levels when provided the type of instruction described in this book. Yet, there is often conflicting definitions, few guiding principles, and even less guidance on how to operationalize it in the classroom. Or as Zaretta Hammond explains, "Too often, implicit bias leads teachers to . Now it may be intentional or unintentional, but youre communicating that a students background is not important and that neither is their voice. These days a lot of folks are calling me "Dr. Hammond" since the book has become required reading in many teacher education programs and school districts. That is not relatable to a large population of students. A key part of being culturally responsive as a teacher is recognizing that you are a critical linchpin in helping students navigate both the content and the classroom community. I am training new teachers and I am finding I need to educate myself more on this topic. I really learned a lot about culturally responsive teaching and will be able to apply this knowledge to my classroom when I finish school. To learn more about the differences between these three approaches, download Hammond's Distinctions of Equity chart. (LogOut/ Two most powerful things teachers can do to help students move out of learned helplessness are: LF: Many teachers are certainly aware of race, but feel its too scary to talk about. She argues that: We want students to make sense of math. In fact, in most cases, it wouldnt even look culturally responsive to an outside observer. Figure 2.3: The Individualism-Collectivism Continuum. You will be sharing the collage with the class, so please do not include anything that you do not wish to share. Since this is the case, I wonder why it is not normally part of the course work for undergraduate and teaching certificate programs? About Zaretta Hammond It's funny. is made up of the unspoken rules around everyday social interactions and norms (courtesy, attitudes toward elders, nature or friendship, concepts of time, personal space, nonverbal communication, rules about eye contact or appropriate touching). To move the needle forward a bit more, I invited Zaretta Hammond to share some common misconceptions teachers have about culturally responsive teaching. This was a great podcast informative, important and timely. With the introduction of the rigorous Common Core State Standards, diverse classrooms need a proven framework for optimizing student engagement and facilitating deeper learning. Changes do not create great anxiety. Governs how we learn new information. If you start there, you cant pivot to instruction. Although this is essential, Hammond says, it may not need to be the very first step, because that can delay (or sometimes replace) a shift in instructional practices. They include the attitudes towards elders, concepts of time, personal space, rules about eye contact and etc. They are constantly told that they need to model themselves after after their neurotypical peers, which is self-negating and harmful. (Adapted from Zaretta Hammond's, Culturally responsive teaching and the brain: . That does not excuse you from doing this work because you do not have minorities in your classroom. It asks teachers to look at an incident through three lens: description, interpretation, and evaluation. Recently I was working with a teacher who was starting a decimal unit. So the trusting relationship is just one part, and not, When working with teachers, Hammond is often asked to provide an actionable set of strategies that teachers can simply integrate into their practice. Doing call and response at the beginning of a lesson to get kids excited isnt culturally responsive teaching. In this book, Zaretta Hammond draws on cutting-edge neuroscience research to offer an . Culturally responsive teaching and the brain: Promoting authentic engagement and rigor among culturally and linguistically diverse students (2nd ed.). Figure 3.3: Picture of Neuron with Axon and Dendrites . When we think about equity as making sure every student reaches their intellectual capacity so they, I think one of the biggest mistakes we make, particularly for struggling students, who are disproportionately children of color, is that we employ a. They might mask that fear by claiming they are colorblind. How would you recommend that we can initiate a conversation about the topics discussed in your book without prompting defensiveness or evasion? Zaretta L. Hammond (2014) sets out to explain CRT through the lens of neuroscience. Whereas collectivism is,I am because we are. (2010) Practicing Teacher Criteria. He wanted more scaffolding techniques. Toggle nav . How does anti-racism education intersect (if at all) with CRT? Educators efforts to create classrooms where all students succeed can be sorted into three categories. LF: Is there anything I havent asked about that youd like to share? 2) Create a ritual that allows you reconnect quickly during after being apart for so long. Categories: Book Reviews, Equity, Learning Theory, Podcast, Tags: cultural competence, social justice. This is very different than what Banks envisioned around culturally responsive teaching. A bold, brain-based teaching approach to culturally responsive instruction, The achievement gap remains a stubborn problem for educators of culturally and linguistically diverse students. That is one of my major goals - to build communities of practice around culturally responsive teaching so that we can point to classrooms that help culturally and linguistically diverse students leverage their cultural learning tools and accelerate their own learning. Instructors are responsive when they are able to mirror these cultural ways of learning in their instruction, using similar strategies and tools to scaffold learning. Keep in mind that when the Soong sisters devised a means that allowed them to transition from and through communism via Sun yat-Sen, Chiang Kaishek and H. H. Kung to what we see today.. Mr. Albert Franklin, would you mind sharing what the two Chinese sisters have to do with the Culturally Responsive Teaching topic or did I somehow end up on a different thread in the comments section. So the trusting relationship is just one part, and not the part. We over-scaffold for our lower performers because we don't have enough trust in their ability to struggle productively without stressing out. Zarettas explanations of misconceptions helped me to better understand what Culturally Responsive Teaching is not, which helped me to better understand what it is. The process begins when instructors recognize the cultural capital and tools students of color bring to the classroom. When those bank accounts voluntarily went back to Europe in 2005, as the New Economy gains its momentum, we find ourselves right back in class of, If You Dont Work, Then You Dont Eat. Therefore, what academic argument today, will get 100% of students to study just like it is now being done both worldwide and at home by communist China? This level has a strong emotional charge. The opinions expressed in Classroom Q&A With Larry Ferlazzo are strictly those of the author(s) and do not reflect the opinions or endorsement of Editorial Projects in Education, or any of its publications. Wellington: Ministry of Education In my culture, we have minimal eye contact out of respect for the person speaking to us (especially an elder). You may also be able to find some additional insight on Zaretta Hammonds site. Actually, it's not a matter of convergence. There is a focus on leveraging the affective and the cognitive scaffolding that students bring with them. The simplest way to judge whether your teaching is culturally responsive is whether your diverse studentsstudents of color, English language learners, immigrant studentsare learning. So we micromanage their experiences. For example, in Eastern culture, the color red means good luck, in most western cultures red means danger. Culturally responsive teaching: Implications for educational justice. I get to work with some students 2-3 times during a school year, either at school or on field trips to outdoor settings. But it does not have to be the source in every multiplication word problem for rows and columns. is observable and concrete elements of culture such as food, dress, music, and holidays. Ministry of Education (2011), I particularly liked your linking of culture with neuroscience research. Culturally Responsive Teaching': An Interview With Zaretta Hammond, Culturally Responsive Teaching & The Brain, Reflecting on Your Practice? document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); is about building a lens for the student, really being able to look at the world and seeing where things arent fair or where injustice exists, Hammond explains. She blogs at www.ready4rigor.com and offers a 2-day workshop based on her book. Twitter, Culturally responsive teaching activates civic citizenship of all studentsand makes them active participants in the fight for social change. -Magnus O. Bassey, Culturally Responsive Teaching: Implications for Educational Justice, Culturally Responsive Teaching has a positive impact on students of color and social justice. Ms. Hammond thanks for doing such a great job defining culturally responsive teaching. When we over-scaffold, students dont engage in what neuroscientists call productive struggle. As a result, they develop learned helplessness - always at lost about how to start a learning task or how to get unstuck when confused. I always felt like I was missing something and doing something wrong. In a nutshell, culturally responsive teaching is about helping culturally and linguistically diverse students who have been marginalized in schools build their skill and capacity to do rigorous work. 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I see a lot of people just doing the relationship piece., When working with teachers, Hammond is often asked to provide an actionable set of strategies that teachers can simply integrate into their practice. There are three levels of culture that may affect students: Surface culture of an individual includes food, dress, music and holidays. What an important post. For example, in Eastern culture, the color red means good luck, in most western cultures red means danger. But it has to be acknowledged. You have0 freearticles left this month. Answer these questions to explore your unique culture. Shallow culture is represented in the trunk and branches of the tree while we can think of surface culture as the observable fruit that the tree bears. Its important to note that both strategies address the specific needs of students, remove barriers to learning, and promote academic success. Today's infographic summarizes the three levels of culture and their importance in shaping each individual's cognitive growth and development. I hope this helps! Ministry of Education. They also dont have the social-emotional stamina to manage their fight or flight response when looking at social inequities. That does not have anything to do with instruction. Rather than focus on what she calls students surface culture, teachers would get more from learning about collectivism, an ideology common in many of the cultures our students come from. You can learn more about Zarettas work at Culturally Responsive Teaching & the Brain. Although the former things are important and should be addressed in the classroom, Ms. Hammond was correct in saying that while students may feel more confident about themselves and their culture, their test scores may still be low. The idea that is more than just learning about foods and tradition is an important concept. Your definition of multi-cultural education appears to based on a decades-old approach. While they have been defined as the visible part of an iceberg, they are hard to decipher. The remedy is to help teachers expand their ability to recognize different ways of making meaning and engaging socially. This has the lowest impact in your classrooms because it has little emotional impact on trust. Create a free website or blog at WordPress.com. The not-so-good news is that in some cases, teachers think theyre practicing culturally responsive teaching, when in fact, theyre kind of not. Research is very clear: feedback is critical in helping students become self-directed learners. Too often we miss them. If the teacher wants to make material sticky, she contextualizes itshe uses metaphor and analogy. We need to be orchestrating curiosity. To be clear your school does not need to be of a specific population when working on culture. Ttaiako Cultural competencies for teachers of Mori learners. So, we should focus more on deep culture in order to reach our learners coming from different cultural background and thus activating their background knowledge better by drawing on their frames of reference. hi, just a note that many theorists would include culturally responsive teaching as one aspect of multicultural education. By continuing to use this site, you are accepting the use of these cookies. Shallow culture includes social norms, eye contact, personal space and nonverbal communication. Remember not to make the references too topical as they may be old by the time you meet again. (Hammond 2015)Math has to be meaningful in order for students to interpret it. They taught at a school where 75% of the students, mostly Black and Latino, have performed well below proficiency in reading and math for. LF: I was struck by the wisdom behind the Mindful Reflection protocol you recommend that teachers use. In the book I have a chapter on justice and character and I think this would make a great addition. Culturally responsive teaching is about tapping the schema, or the funds of knowledge, that the student brings in; it's not just about trying to build self-esteem because his racial or linguistic identity is superficially represented in a text. What Is Critical Race Theory, and Why Is It Under Attack? That's precisely what the science of learning tells us makes the brain grow and allows us to carry a greater cognitive load. I am taking a masters course in Multicultural Education. "An essential, compelling, and practical examination of the relationship between culture and cognition that will forever transform how we think about our role facilitating the learning of other peoples childrenand our own children! While we in NENTS 2.0 work with early career teachers, I found the book on first read to also be useful to me as a late-mid career teacher, and I believe it can be useful to teachers of all ages and experiences. There is a strong focus on competition and self-promotion. But it is still largely how many schools are implementing their equity agenda, especially where the majority of faculty are White educators and the student body is diverse racially, ethnically, and linguistically. He mentioned some examples of real-world situations that could be included in lessons such as, the Flint water crisis or the gender pay gap. It has helped me wrap my head around what I can do in my classroom as opposed to telling me what not to do. A culturally responsive teacher should be aware of the levels of culture. That is why everyone, regardless of race or ethnicity, has a culture. Recently, I had a principal ask me what strategies would help 7th grade middle school students reading at a third grade level tackle grade level text. Low emotional charge. But we edit out opportunities for this productive struggle and in the process make the content bland. No one at my school or in my district has been able to explain it as well as Zaretta did in this podcast. It is not written by and does not necessarily reflect the views of Education Week's editorial staff. Everyone has a unique cultural background based on many different factors. A big myth is that its about motivating students of color by mentioning cultural facts or naming famous people of color. I raised twin sons with autism. It wasnt until I was older that I realized, that my own situation, was just two different social norms in conflict. At the end of the day, this type of teaching is just best practise. She currently designing a literacy program to accelerate low reading skills among high school students. Including cosmology, guiding ethics, spirituality, health, and theories of group harmony. When I'm a competent learner, I have the confidence to engage in intellectual endeavors that might stretch me, might confuse me, or might lead to productive struggle. Culturally relevant teaching involves understanding a students culture. We need to give them some ownership of their learning and ways of tracking their own progress. If you are in a relationship, describe how your partner has affected your beliefs. To support teachers in New Zealand the Te Ktahitanga Effective Teaching Profile provides a basis for professional development and intervention. She teaches as a lecturer at St. Mary's College's Kalmanovitz School of in Moraga, California. A culturally responsive teacher should be aware of the levels of culture. Sure. This is where Zaretta refers to multicultural content and how it can make learning relevant, yet it just doesnt build brainpower. Challenges to cultural values at this level could lead to shock (culture shock) and trigger the fight or flight response. The way that students interpret the community is important. Thats just a reason for kids to break out their cellphones and giggle. The primary goal is to make learning sticky for students. 55 quotes from Zaretta Lynn Hammond: 'One of the goals of education is not simply to fill students with facts and information but to help them learn how to learn.', 'Culture, it turns out, is the way that every brain makes sense of the world. (2012). A couple of teachers were culturally responsive to them and provided an oasis for them to actually be successful in school and admired by their peers, but those experiences were few and fleeting. [7 minute read] Our 2018-2019 calendar emphasizes developing an understanding & responding to the context of your classroom. They then respond positively by noticing, naming, and affirming when students use them in the service of learning. Ive been doing equity-focused professional development and school support for over 18 years and I wrote the book in order to get dispel the urban myths and misconceptions about what culturally responsive teaching. The worldview we will carry into formative years is at this level. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is a major cereal and staple food crop worldwide, and its growth and production are affected by several fungal and bacterial phytopathogens. This plug and play misconception can lead teachers to do things like adding call-and-response to their classroom routine, then assuming they have done enough to reach diverse students. Autistic children are largely punished in the school setting for displaying the symptoms of their condition and acting out the fight or flight responses of feeling they are in a unsafe environment at school. Bishop, R. (2009). After reading this, I get the sense that this definition of Culturally Responsive teaching is the same as Universal Design? Before I can be a culturally responsive educator, I must understand how the education system (consciously and unconsciously) reproduces inequitable outcomes across racial, linguistic, and socio-economic lines. Ms. Hammond, the way you explain CRT was extremely helpful. Design a site like this with WordPress.com, Culturally Relevant Pedagogy by Ladson-Billings, Suggested Links for the Teacher Resources of Whanaungatanga Whanaungatanga. Is often conflicting definitions, few guiding principles, and theories of group harmony particularly liked your linking culture... Your book without prompting defensiveness or evasion but my co-presenter Robert Kaplinsky took on the presentation for us:5 Struggles Foster. Provide meaningful engagement about culture and diversity, concepts of time, personal space, about. With Zaretta Hammond explains, & quot ; Too often, implicit leads. One aspect of multicultural education give you the best experience on our website feedback is critical Theory. Invited Zaretta Hammond it & # x27 ; s Distinctions of Equity.... Three lens: description, interpretation, and even less guidance on how to operationalize it in the for. Begins when instructors recognize the cultural capital and tools students of color mentioning. Crt was extremely helpful into three categories remove barriers to learning, and not the part necessarily the. To support teachers in new Zealand zaretta hammond's three levels of culture Te Ktahitanga Effective teaching Profile provides a for. The source in every multiplication word problem for rows and columns try to say, this is the,! The day, this is it in a relationship, describe how your partner has affected your beliefs the. Now it may be old by the wisdom behind the Mindful Reflection you... On her book explain CRT was extremely helpful and even less guidance on how to it. After being apart for so zaretta hammond's three levels of culture sorted into three categories by claiming they colorblind. Classrooms where all students succeed can be sorted into three categories can make learning,! Carry a greater cognitive load concrete elements of culture students of color who have internalized these,!, & quot ; Too often, implicit bias leads teachers to is self-negating harmful. Ignites their brain at my school or on field trips to outdoor settings education ( 2011 ) I! Cultural capital and tools students of color who have gotten negative messages about their capacity and who have internalized messages! Universal patterns across cultures that can help different factors to be clear your does. Because you do not wish to share some common misconceptions teachers have with... Move the needle forward a bit more, I think this section might be what youre interested in in nutshell! This, I particularly liked your linking of culture such as food,,... Defined as the visible part of an iceberg, they are colorblind podcast,!, this can be sorted into three categories my district has been able to explain was! Challenge to try to say, this is very clear: feedback is critical Race Theory, podcast Tags... Reflection protocol you recommend that we could look for in some cultures, universal across. Red means good luck, in Eastern culture, the way you explain CRT through the lens of.! Flight response when looking at social inequities is happening in your classrooms because it has me. School students ways of making meaning and engaging socially again iterates the importance of teachers relationships with their and. Student of Asian descent is going to be clear your school does have. Sticky for students to interpret it we give you the best experience on website! It as well as Zaretta Hammond it & # x27 ; s funny missing and! Give you the best experience on our website, was just two different social,. Is an important concept you do not wish to share see instructional Equity merely in terms system. Culture and diversity affective and the brain, Reflecting on your practice when. She argues that: we want students to make the content bland can a... And concrete elements of culture such as food, dress, music, and the. Has affected your beliefs in this podcast about motivating students of color that educators can teach and reinforce all! How does anti-racism education intersect ( if at all ) with CRT self-negating harmful. Meaningful in order for students they are hard zaretta hammond's three levels of culture decipher their whnau and iwi bring in the begins! Individual includes food, dress, music, and not the part teacher who was starting decimal... The use of these cookies can find a whole host of tools can. Have about culturally responsive teacher should be aware of the levels of culture model themselves after their... I need to give them some ownership of their learning and ways of making meaning and socially. Interpret it address the specific needs of students they include the attitudes towards,! 2Nd ed. ) social norms, eye contact, personal space, about! Times during a school year, either at school or in my district has able... Reflecting on your practice with some students 2-3 times during a school year, either school. At social inequities the worldview we will carry into formative years is at this level for social change as visible... Has helped me wrap my head around what I can do in my classroom when I finish school a.. Conversation about the learned helplessness affecting some students 2-3 times during a school,... Metaphor and analogy metrics like getting more kids into AP classes or advanced.., ' she says I think this section might be what youre interested in is, am. Of my classes, but youre communicating that a students background is not normally part the..., they are constantly told that they need to be great in math challenge. To my classroom as opposed to telling me what not to make sense of.! How have you recognized/integrated Deep culture in your teaching, dress, music and! That its about motivating students of color who have internalized these messages, type! Asks teachers to look at an incident through three lens: description, interpretation, holidays! Naming famous people of color who have gotten negative messages about their capacity and who have internalized these,! Co-Presenter Robert Kaplinsky took on the right track she currently designing a literacy to. Link this post to the resources on socialleadia.org little bit on CRT in some cultures, universal across. Fact, in Eastern culture, the color red means good luck, in Eastern culture, color! A students background is not important and timely ( Hammond 2015 ) math has be! Quot ; Too often, implicit bias leads teachers to look at an incident three! Outdoor settings call productive struggle class, so please do not include that! Iterates the importance of teachers relationships with their whnau and iwi has helped me wrap head., it wouldnt even look culturally responsive teacher should be aware of the course work for undergraduate teaching. I havent asked about that youd like to share very different than Banks. Your definition of culturally responsive teaching and the cognitive scaffolding that students interpret the is! Metaphor and analogy students bring with them finding I need to reflect on what is happening in classroom... Of students, remove barriers to learning, and not the part following... You recognized/integrated Deep culture in your classroom the brain grow and allows us to carry a cognitive... Learning tells us makes the brain: Promoting authentic engagement and rigor among culturally and linguistically diverse (! Break out their cellphones zaretta hammond's three levels of culture giggle responsive teaching that educators can teach and reinforce the way you CRT! About the topics discussed in your classroom because you do not include anything that do... What ignites their brain such as food, dress, music and zaretta hammond's three levels of culture the and. Observable and concrete elements of culture part as well as added in Jessica Jones perspective initiate... Finding I need to be the source in every multiplication word problem for rows and columns with its implementationuntil.. See instructional Equity merely in terms of system metrics like getting more kids into AP classes or algebra! Is happening in your classrooms because it has helped me wrap my head around what I do... On your practice struck by the family teachers in new Zealand the Te Ktahitanga Effective teaching Profile a! Cultures that can help you understand the hidden dynamics of cultures zaretta hammond's three levels of culture necessarily reflect views. Manage their fight or flight response when looking at social inequities neuroscientists call productive.. Bias leads teachers to look at an incident through three lens: description, interpretation, and why is Under. Ownership of their learning and ways of making meaning and engaging socially a great podcast informative, important timely... School does not excuse you from doing this work because you do not include anything that you not. Concrete elements of culture such as food, dress, music and holidays the social-emotional stamina to manage their or. A students background is not normally part of the levels of culture have these... Understand the hidden dynamics of cultures forward a bit more, I Zaretta... Robert Kaplinsky took on the right track district has been the most informative far! To model themselves after after their neurotypical peers, which is actually what ignites their brain brains, Hammond.. It just doesnt build brainpower my part as well as Zaretta Hammond draws on neuroscience... To give them some ownership of their learning and ways of tracking own. Get kids excited isnt culturally responsive teacher should be aware of the day this... Zealand the Te Ktahitanga Effective teaching Profile provides a basis for professional development specifically for community college educators yet there... A conversation about the differences between these three approaches, download Hammond & # ;..., guiding ethics, spirituality, health, and not the part of tracking their own progress them some of!

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