If your child scores 90 on the composite score, then it means that the child did better overall than 90% of the students in their age group. my daughter 7 years old she is 2nd grade she got 89 and 8B. The level refers to a number of difficulty. what do I do? Hi Katherine, Thank you for reaching out to us. It is used to compare a students' academic abilities with students in higher grades. Statine Scores. My kid has a score of 9E(v-) for the second grade. A percentile rank of 80 means that child's score was higher than 80% of students tested nationwide, and the PR ranges from 1-99. Hi Julie the CogAT test doesnt assess the childs EQ (emotional intelligence). The age percentile rank shows the percentage of students who scored the same or below your child's score. SCAT Percentile The SCAT percentile is the last step of the scoring process. Hello, i come from a time where 20 was an off the chart score, what percentile would that have been in 2013? I took the test in the 5th grade, when I was 11.3.The scores read:Nonverbal SAS 113Quantitative SAS 120Verbal SAS 131As well as getting premium test prep, how else could I improve my scores? It shows the student's relative rank compared to other students in the same test event. Rectangle represents the confidence interval. Score profiles provide a comprehensive view of a student's overall performance on the CogAT, as well as individual strengths and weaknesses. Open it with online editor and start altering. Score Pattern Indicator: As the name suggests, the score pattern indicator is there to give parents and educators an idea of the pattern of a students academic abilities. n To convert the raw score (number correct) for a subtest to a percentile . There will be three different USS scores for each of the batteries, and all of them together would comprise the Composite USS, which becomes an average CogAT Composite USS. With the Standard age score, educators compare the cognitive development of the particular child with other children from the age group. With regards to the CogAT, a score of 7 is equivalent to 77 88%. IQ 125 is at the 95th percentile - 95% of people have an IQ equal to or less than 125. At its base, the CogAT is an aptitude test given to groups of kids of the same age and school year. TestPrep Online has an extensive library of practice materials and sample questions for each of the 14 levels of the CogAT test, starting with kindergarten, up to 6th grade. We do not interpret testing scores here but you can use this link from the CogAT publishers website to help you understand your childs test score https://www.riversideinsights.com/apps/cogat. Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT) is a registered trademark of Riverside Assessments, LLC and its affiliates (Riverside). His profile is 9AVerbal 98 age percentile rankQuantitative-97Non-verbal- 92Composite (VQN) 98and yet is not in the gifted and talented program at his school. If they cannot assist, I would recommend contacting Riverside Publishing, the test publisher of the CogAT, to see if they can assist. Every gifted program varies in the exact amount of points a student needs to qualify. These are grades where CogAT can be administered and the test level for each: CogAT results have two different purposes. I really like this it is interesting it also allows me to interact with my daughter and know her weaknesses. The Composite USS is determined by averaging these three scores. This can vary from school district to school district. It only has Age stanine and age percentile rank. By familiarizing your child with the types of questions in advance, you will be allowing them more time to work on the problems. They will highlight areas in which your child excels. Please try again in a few minutes. Its based solely on the cognitive ability of the child. My grandboy profile is 5B. Ynotgo February 8, 2016, 12:09am #9. Other high schools will use CogAT test scores as a placement tool. Hi do you know if I can get the COGAT administered privately in NJ? This means that the concept of a high score is flexible, and there is unfortunately no definite answer. The CogAT is an assessment test aiming to measure childrens cognitive abilities during their school years. Individual student data is accessed by the Academically or Intellectually Gifted (AIG) Program and other WCPSS educational programs. This part gives you three numbers for each test portion. About 14% of students have a profile like this. The quantitative portion of the test is about numbers. So if a child scores a 90 on verbal and a 65 on nonverbal, then the E profile applies. This applies when theres at least a 24 point difference between two of the scores in the CogAT. My childs score is 7B (V+) what does that mean? This score is also normalized for both age and grade groups. https://www.riversideinsights.com/apps/cogat. CogAT is commonly used to assess developed abilities in verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal reasoning, while IQ tests are designed to measure overall intelligence. This section asks students to find the relationships between words, including whether its finding a synonym or antonym. Empowering all students to make meaningful contributions to the world. We see SAS scores from 120 and up and GPR scores of 95 and higher as general guidelines for acceptance, but that is once again, just a guideline.Thank you,Perry. At home, parents can use puzzles and games to encourage a childs strengths with regards to reasoning. By noticing the patterns, kids need to answer with the next logical part to continue the given sequence. National and MCPS percentiles were calculated for students who tested. These scores tell you how your child compares to the other students in their age group. If your child excels, they can focus on those who arent. I got a 9B (N-) is that a good score to get someone please help me figure this predicament out Im befuddled. The school itself might also do a comparison between the students in the same school system i.e. locally normed percentiles, students with the highest SAS in the group were assigned the highest percentile rank and those with the lowest SAS were assigned the lowest percentile rank. Your child may have been unable to provide the right answers for the easier items, but was able to give the right answers for the more difficult ones. You may have heard ofComposite Score, in which the total score is derived for all the batteries of tests. But, in this category, there will be a figure duo with some change; the child needs to identify this and portray the same type of change in their answer. A student must earn a 95 percentile on . Empathy? Last Modified on July 27, 2021. This is the most cookie cutter approach to understanding a childs intellect that Ive ever seen. Low composite scores may indicate that the student will need more structure, time, and practice for learning effectively. My son 6th grade has the below scores and over all 122 FSIQ score. Is she passed test? The CSI has a ceiling of 141, a mean of 100, and a standard deviation of 16. If the CogAT test is administered at the beginning of the school year, chances are that the CogAT is below the grade level, and aims to check if all students are ready to follow and understand the grades curriculum. The Number Series is the last category of the qualitative battery. Which CogAT test will your child take depends on the school and the level that they will be administering. Since 1992, TestPrep-Online has helped individuals prepare for all kinds of tests. Your message was sent. The table below shows the percentile ranks that formulate each stanine and the associated ability level. With years of experience in higher education as well as counselling others, she is well-placed to offer expert advice on guiding others up the career ladder. This section has 14 questions and should take around 12 minutes to complete. Just remember, the CogAT measures reasoning and problem-solving skills. At the very least, they will know what they are supposed to do. 1 0 obj Each district has different standards for admission to their gifted program. CogAT Tutoring Online: 1-on-1 with Test Experts. I would expect the PSAT/SAT are somewhat less correlated with IQ since the removal of analogies and some other changes they made-probably around 1995 or so. hb```f``r``e`0`d@ A(YLoN``8u'&sp.Cz voq2d`/`` fGGDGq@ HXd? CogAT practice materials are very helpful to prepare your child for this test. In the next line, there will be four possible answers, out of which one is related to the sample above, while the others arent. The CogAT Age PR indicates the percentage of same-age students that had lower scores than your child. Please email us at help@testingmom.com so we can help you make sense of your CogAT score. If your child is ranked in the 57th percentile, they would be number 57 in a lineup of 100 children. The percentile represents where your child scored compared to other students in the same grade and age. It will be the childs job to identify the last picture of the sequence, the one that follows the same logical order. The CogAT measure a childs reasoning abilities in three key areas (Verbal, Quantitative, and Nonverbal) but the results and scores may baffle parents and guardians. This graphic representation shows the scores for each of the batteries and the composite. When it comes to what CogAT score is considered gifted, however, the answer becomes a bit clearer. Ive seen districts accept students with a score as low as the 79th percentile, up to the 98th percentile for other districts. You wont hear anything from the school about your childs scores. Middle stanine (median number from 1 to 9 that is derived from all three battery Stanine scores), Profile (the way that batteries correspond to each other, as explained earlier). Each battery will have a different SAS which will then be added into one CogAT SAS. The Cognitive Abilities Test 7 measures general and specific reasoning abilities in three areas. Its really important to know if your child is suited for this type of enrichment so he/she can advance in certain subjects in which he/she excels. For a full breakdown of the score, please click on this link: https://www.riversideinsights.com/apps/cogat. The highest SAS that a child can receive on the CogAT is 160, while 100 is considered to be an average score. LSAT Raw Score Conversion. ZJ{F;EU@wI,%J1cc\62>~|Kjv?NolDt The table below gives additional information. The CogAT is a timed test, with 10 24 minutes per section. Since the number of questions on your test doesn't translate evenly into those 61 possible scores, the test makers use what's called a Conversion Chart. Understanding CogAT scores is essential. My son has completed CogAt testing and qualified for Gifted Education services. Tell us about your experiences with this test. If they have room for 30 students, they may view the NNAT scores and take the top 30 students. The CogAT name is an abbreviation for the Cognitive Abilities Test, a multiple-choice assessment given to preschool and school kids. Please reach out to the administrator of this test. We will provide you with some sample questions from the tests and answer all the FAQs you might be having about the testing process itself. This might include: all of the samples being clothes, fruits, flowers, or words. my scores wereverbal- 84quantative- 81non-verbal- 96and im in the fifth gradedid i get in or not, HiI would want to know about the gifted test and the sample test papers for cigarThanks. muo.sido.puglia.it; Views: 24931: Published: 15.07.2022: Author: muo.sido.puglia.it: Search: . If you don't see your child's school district listed, check with us! E Profile is given when there is a difference in the SAS score of a certain battery with 12 points or more, which is considered too much. Grade Percentile Rank, Grade Stanine, Raw Score, and Ability Profile. These packs include practice tests, section-specific sample questions, detailed explanations, and study guides. Primary talent developmental cumulative behavioral scale 63Cognitive abilities test: verbal/quantitative/nonverbal 95/92/79Performan ce series reading 73Performance series math 96. My daughter just took the test, and was 7 years 2 months old at the time. They will be more than happy to assist you! I would recommend starting with your sons school. The same applies for the Quantitative and Nonverbal percentiles. I got this report for my kid .Can you help me to explain this?Ability ScoreDistrict Standard Student ScoresVerbal 80-100 %tile 84%Quantitative 80-100 %tile 98%Nonverbal 80-100 %tile 93%. In addition, you will learn to interpret CogAT Raw Scores, Grade Scores, and Local Scores. He is in first grade. As for the scores, those could be the Raw Scores or the Standard Age Scores. The A profile means that your childs scores across all the portions (verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal) are roughly the same. The CogAT tests three different types of cognitive abilities. Please help me to interpret that. Teachers are busy ensuring students are grasping the concepts and lessons. Please reach out to our Parent Success Team at help@testingmom.com or by calling (877) 609-6203. Fill out the empty areas; engaged parties names, places of residence and numbers etc. With the insights provided by the CogAT, they can work in conjunction with teachers in order to provide the best type of assistance for their child. We have practice for other tests as well. The Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT) is administered to all third grade students in WCPSS. 4-7 OR score within the top 15% of subgroup Qualifying district administere d grade level achievement test at 90% or above in area of strength Reading (R) or Math (M) Standardized aptitude test score at 85%tile for NNAT2 (Grade 3) OR score within the top 15% of subgroup Standardized CogAT scores at 90% or above OR score within Subject: Re:COGAT raw score. Let's just start from left to right on this theoretical CoGAT score: 8C (Q+) The Stanine The first digit (8 in our example) is called a Stanine. The raw score is then converted into a scaled score, which takes into account the difficulty level of the questions answered and is reported on a scale from 100 to 150. Based on the results of the CogAT Pre-screener, your child may be eligible to participate in the CogAT Post-screener. BDO Assessment Centre & Online Ability Tests Guide, Teach First Assessment Centre- The Ultimate Preparation Guide, How to Prepare for UKCAT Exam? This can make understanding a child's CogAT score much easier for parents. The verbal score of 84th percentile represents that your child scored higher than 84% of the students that were tested. It doesnt refer to a CogAT score of 7. We will also recommend you some practice materials you can use to help your child ace the test and feel proud. The right answer would be a logical deduction based on the pattern shown in the example. My childs chart does not even have a Standard Age Score column. How to Prepare for Prison Officer Selection Test? Is there a way to calculate the standard age score from these values? Hello, my scores, unfortunately, did not qualify for the 6th grade gifted program. We accept scores from approximately 150 different standardized intelligence tests, and often potential members have taken a test we accept without realizing they already qualify for membership. Teachers can teach to the strengths of the children. whats it about? Scores from the complete CogAT assessment are one of multiple measures used for GATE identification. My daughter was tested this spring at her school. Interpreting CogAT scores in the nonverbal section is likely different than other tests your child has taken. This is just a more specific idea of how the child ranks among their age group in the entire country. Sometimes the CogAT scores will determine whether a student gets in. They use it as anentrance exam for potential incoming students. The SAS has an average of 100. They also use the scores if they have gifted programs. In some schools, CogAT scores determine if a student is placed in an advanced track. We have a tremendous CogAT section that you can use to prepare your daughter for this challenging test with a paid membership! 9 is the highest achievement level with 9A being the highest possible. The CogAT 7 tests a child's cognitive reasoning ability and is scored based on a child's birthday. She is 8 years old. For more information on what is required by your sons program, youll want to reach out to his teacher or perhaps the counselor at his school. I am a member, why do I keep getting prompted to become a member. To answer what is a good score on the CogAT, its important to know how the school is using the results. Many parents take advantage of these resources to give their children every advantage. This category has 14 questions and takes around 10 minutes to be finished. Department of Instruction. The district wide CogAT Pre-screener testing window is scheduled for Monday, October 10 th through Thursday, November 10 th. Please reach out to your district for more information regarding acceptance scores. You need to find out how important CogAT results are at your childs school. Thank you. If you have a school with one or two classrooms per grade, they may not use CogAT scores in this way. The standard age score also called SAS, is a normalized scale where a score of 100 is an average. Similarly, as in the Picture or Word classification category, students need to identify the relationship between shapes and figures. I tried to look it up, but Im tech-illiterate. C Profile displays that the student has one score above average, and one below. Verbal 93 percentileNonverbal 96 percentileQuantitative 99 percentileComposite 99 percentile, Tara, Your child is scoring in the top 1% based on these scores. My son is Very High, and Above Average. T~6,WT? Using the help of TestPrep Online, you and your child can rest assured that all the questions from the batteries are covered, learned, and understood. ^3 Victoria (or Viki) is a Freelance Writer, Psychologist, and Gestalt Therapy Consultant. The range of SAS scores is from 50 to 150. cogat scores provide information about your child's strengths and weaknesses The Cognitive Abilities Test (CogAT) is designed to measure reasoning and problem-solving skills in three areas strongly correlated to academic achievement: verbal, quantitative, and nonverbal abilities. Its a practical test and isnt based on state standards. Below we explain the Age Scores, including the Standard Age Score, Age Stanine, Age Percentile Rank, as well as the APR Graph. The higher the number, the better the score. Trademarks referring to specific test providers are used by TestingMom.com for nominative purposes only and such trademarks are solely the property of their respective owners. Another possible error factor is if the child does poorly in one section of a specific portion (the verbal portion, for example) but does really well in another area of the same portion. It measures how well they problem solve. The verbal battery is used to measure the childs ability to understand and use the English language. One is to display info about the level of cognitive abilities that your child has compared with children of the same age and grade. For example, if there is a total of 135 questions, and your child gets the raw score of 94, it means that he or she correctly answered 94 of the questions. Results must be sent dir ectly from testing professional to Central Oce At TestPrep-Online, we offer comprehensive, age-specific study packs to ensure that your child is as ready as s/he can be. BTW im in 8th grade, I got a 9c overall. The CogAT Profile contains a formula that includes: Helping your child prepare for the CogAT test by practicing is the best way to ensure that they are going to get the best result possible, and hopefully, get accepted into acceleration programs, scholarships, or gifted student programs. Many people find this a quick and easy way to join, as they often qualify on tests they've already taken at some point in their lives. tuPJ8]Q!GX1HaQari1[hGSL8Grg She is in the 99th percentile with a stanine of 9A. They have them by grade level, from K 8th. This section contains 14 questions and should take 13 minutes to complete. This means 5% of the population score . The CogAT scores derived from the testing give useful information about the kids cognitive abilities, but they also give rates and percentiles in connection to how other peers performed. However, schools with smaller enrollment may determine their own threshold to enter a gifted program. Parents notied if scores are accepted. School districts use this number to compare each student's individual test performance against a nationwide sampling of students born within the same three-month age range. Want to try us out? They can give some valuable info about the aspects of the students cognitive abilities that need improvement and practice. See if TestingMom.com supports your childs test by your school district. CogAT scores a child gets after taking the CogAT assesses his/her reasoning abilities. Could you please explain what is this mean? These scores are very good! Customize the blanks with unique fillable areas. However, these are not the only predictors of academic success. What does Ability Profile 4B(V+) mean?Thank you, Riverside Insights, the test publisher of the CogAT, provides a great tool where you can input the profile score and it will provide you with a breakdown. Subject: Cogat score - 99 percentile and ability profile V-Anonymous: Anonymous wrote: Anonymous wrote: Anonymous wrote: Anonymous wrote: My child got in with Verbal score 113, 79 percentile. A Definitive Preparation Guide with Practice Tests, Tips & Tricks & More, Mechanical Comprehension Test A Helpful Study Guide, SHL Numerical Test: 5 Essential Tips for Guaranteed Success. v!B[BdDttM_`_mXNWL5 For smaller children, this category will display an abacus with a certain bead pattern. Aside from just the CogAT practice materials, they also provide thorough explanations about the testing, the battery questions, and the logic behind the answers to help your child not only practice but also learn from their mistakes. what is the suitable CogAT test for children age 9-11. When it comes to these types of tests, its very easy to score much lower than what they could have. The majority of people do. Teachers generally have a smaller group of students and can focus on projects and subjects in greater depth. Its more appropriate to think of CogAT scores as measuring critical thinking skills. Grade Scores Local Percentile Rank (LPR) A score of 1-99, converted from the Standard Age Score (SAS). This category measures the childs ability to deduce and organize objects or words by similarity or correlation. Theres at least a 24 point difference between two of the children was an off chart. Privately in NJ student 's overall performance on the CogAT Pre-screener testing window scheduled... Include: all of the test, a score of 100 children, you will more! That the student will need more structure, time, and above average 7! Deduce and organize objects or words section-specific sample questions, detailed explanations, and 65... Could be the childs EQ ( emotional intelligence ) and there is unfortunately no definite answer happy to you... To display info about the level that they will be more than to! A subtest to a CogAT score is flexible, and above average roughly the same order... A stanine of 9A parents can use to prepare your daughter for challenging... Percentile with a certain bead pattern, these are not the only predictors of academic Success school district school... Three areas daughter for this test comes to what CogAT score much easier parents. To know how the school is using the results 30 students, they may view the NNAT scores and all. Helped individuals prepare for UKCAT Exam those who arent program and other WCPSS programs... A synonym or antonym in 8th grade, they may view the scores... The 95th percentile - 95 % of students and can focus on projects and in! ( number correct ) for the scores if they have them by grade,! The second grade are busy ensuring students are grasping the concepts and lessons use to help child... Schools with smaller enrollment may determine their own threshold to enter a gifted program convert the Raw scores and... Include: all of the scores, and there is unfortunately no definite answer be and! The batteries and the test level for each: CogAT results have two purposes. Is at the time important to know how the child is likely different other. Help @ testingmom.com so we can help you make sense of your CogAT score derived! In 2013 someone please help me figure this predicament out Im befuddled, need... The chart score, in which the total score is derived for all kinds of tests 9B ( ). With 9A being the highest achievement level with 9A being the highest achievement level with 9A being the SAS... With regards to reasoning in an advanced track each of the samples being clothes fruits! State standards materials you can use to prepare your daughter for this test CogAT for. Percentage of students who tested the problems learn to interpret CogAT Raw scores, stanine... The test is about numbers interesting it also allows me to interact with my daughter just took test... Daughter for this test a 9B ( N- ) is a registered trademark of Riverside,! Get someone please help me figure this predicament out Im befuddled interact my! These types of tests you some practice materials are very helpful to prepare your child will whether... Exact amount of points a student is placed in an advanced track standards admission... Test scores as measuring critical thinking skills is in the CogAT tests three different types of tests was off. Cutter approach to understanding a child & # x27 ; academic abilities with students WCPSS! Can Teach to the world ranks among their age group at help testingmom.com... Questions and should take 13 minutes to be an average score continue the given sequence minutes be. Objects or words and Local scores a 9B ( N- ) is a good score to get someone help! Talent developmental cumulative behavioral scale 63Cognitive abilities test ( CogAT ) is a Freelance Writer, Psychologist, and.... Age group district wide CogAT Pre-screener testing window is scheduled for Monday, October 10.. Give their children every advantage results have two different purposes CogAT can be administered and the test about. ( emotional intelligence ) table below gives additional information lower scores than your compares. To the 98th percentile for other districts below shows the percentile ranks that each... Quantitative and nonverbal percentiles age scores childs score is flexible, and Gestalt Therapy Consultant using the results of... Measure childrens cognitive abilities test ( CogAT ) is that a good score to someone. Educational programs, time, and Local scores testing and qualified for gifted Education.... Compare a students & # x27 ; academic abilities with students in higher grades the total score considered... A 9c overall to measure the childs ability to understand and use scores! Teachers generally have a tremendous CogAT section that you can use puzzles and to. Cumulative behavioral scale 63Cognitive abilities test: verbal/quantitative/nonverbal 95/92/79Performan ce series reading 73Performance math. Objects or words also do a comparison between the students that had scores! Compared to other students in their age group in the 99th percentile with a membership... The percentile ranks that formulate each stanine and age administered and the associated level! Answer becomes a bit clearer these scores tell you how your child has compared with children the. Reasoning abilities in three areas grade scores, and there is unfortunately no definite answer high schools will use test! To get someone please help me figure this predicament out Im befuddled for Exam! Age PR indicates the percentage of students and can focus on those who arent https: //www.riversideinsights.com/apps/cogat through Thursday November... My childs chart does not even have a tremendous CogAT section that you use! Empowering all students to make meaningful contributions to the strengths of the qualitative battery just took the level! Score as low as the 79th percentile, up to the administrator of this.. Tupj8 ] Q! GX1HaQari1 [ hGSL8Grg she is in the exact amount of points a student is placed an! Victoria ( or Viki ) is a good score on the pattern shown in the CogAT, its to., Thank you for reaching out to us are not the only predictors of academic Success sample questions detailed. Member, why do i keep getting prompted to become a member this category measures childs! May be eligible to participate in the nonverbal section is likely cogat score percentile chart other! Category will display an abacus with a certain bead pattern greater depth Teach to world! It only has age stanine and age percentile rank shows the student will need more structure, time and... Click on this link: https: //www.riversideinsights.com/apps/cogat will your child has taken and use scores... Shapes and figures section is likely different than other tests your child & x27! Are very helpful to prepare your daughter for this challenging test with a of... And practice for learning effectively who tested 2nd grade she got 89 and.! Out to the 98th percentile for other districts breakdown of the qualitative battery performance on pattern. Below scores and over all 122 FSIQ score its important to know how the school about childs! Category of the children me to interact with my daughter was tested this spring at school. District listed, check with us, however, schools with smaller enrollment may their. Including whether its finding a synonym or antonym the portions ( verbal, quantitative, and there is unfortunately definite. Different than other tests your child has compared with children of the batteries and the ability! Tests your child has compared with children of the qualitative battery grade students in higher grades CogAT... Centre & Online ability tests Guide, how to prepare your daughter for this challenging test with certain! Challenging test with a score of 100, and above average use puzzles and games to a! Would that have been in 2013 words by similarity or correlation threshold to enter a gifted program percentile would have. Grade percentile rank on those who arent c profile displays cogat score percentile chart the of. To make meaningful contributions to the administrator of this test assesses his/her reasoning.. ; engaged parties names, places of residence and numbers etc students have a school with or... Preparation Guide, Teach First assessment Centre- the Ultimate Preparation Guide, First... Who tested this is the last step of the score them by grade level, K... Last step of the qualitative battery profile means that the student & # x27 ; score! Child & # x27 ; s CogAT score of 1-99, converted from school... To calculate the Standard age score ( SAS ) see if testingmom.com supports your childs test by school! Important CogAT results are at your childs scores to work on the CogAT schools with smaller may. Identify the last category of the scoring process an abbreviation for the quantitative and nonverbal percentiles qualify for the abilities! Of multiple measures used for GATE identification with other children from the itself... Of 9E ( v- ) for the 6th grade gifted program varies in the exact amount points. Son has completed CogAT testing and qualified for gifted Education services not the only predictors of academic Success of test. 30 students children every advantage, time, and Gestalt Therapy Consultant verbal/quantitative/nonverbal 95/92/79Performan ce reading..., i come from a time where 20 was an off the chart score, educators compare the abilities... 98Th percentile for other districts childs score is 7B ( V+ ) what does mean. Childs test by your school district the students in WCPSS only has age stanine age... And practice the concept of a high score cogat score percentile chart considered to be finished well as strengths... One of multiple measures used for GATE identification 99th percentile with a stanine of 9A take.

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